Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Konsumen Pengguna Layanan Paylater dalam Transaksi E-Commerce Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Perlindungan Konsumen dan Regulasi OJK

Abstract

The rapid growth of Buy Now Pay Later (BNPL), or paylater, services in Indonesian e-commerce has increased consumer convenience but also raised legal concerns regarding information transparency, standard clauses, debt collection practices, personal data protection, and the allocation of responsibility among consumers, merchants, e-commerce platforms, and financing providers. This study aims to analyze the legal protection of consumers using paylater services in e-commerce transactions under Law Number 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection and the regulations of the Financial Services Authority (OJK), particularly OJK Regulation Number 22 of 2023 and OJK Regulation Number 32 of 2025. This study adopts a normative juridical approach using statutory and conceptual perspectives. Legal materials, comprising primary, secondary, and tertiary sources, were obtained through library research and examined using qualitative and descriptive analysis methods. The results show that consumer rights violations in paylater use may occur through unclear information on costs and obligations, unfair standard clauses, abusive debt collection, misuse of personal data, and continued payment obligations after transaction cancellation. Legal protection is provided through preventive measures, including transparent information, fair agreements, data protection, and proper collection practices, as well as repressive measures, including internal complaints, alternative dispute resolution, Online Dispute Resolution, the Consumer Dispute Settlement Agency, and court proceedings. Disputes involving personal data should also consider the Personal Data Protection Law. These instruments strengthen legal certainty and help balance digital financial innovation with the protection of consumer rights.